Windows phone 8 可利用的数据通信方式比较广泛，在硬件支持的前提下，我们可以利用WiFi、蓝牙、临近感应等多种方式。数据交互一般通过套接字来完成，我们将在本文详细的分析。

快速导航：

一、WP8套接字

1）创建套接字客户端

Windows phone 8中的套接字并不支持发布服务端，我们只能利用它在手机上创建套接字客户端，我们在此例中要用套接字去访问web服务器。首先，我们定义一个SocketClient来表示套接字客户端。

[C#]

public class SocketClient

{

//缓存套接字对象以便在整个生命周期重用

Socket _socket = null;

// 信号通知对象，用于异步操作完成通知

static ManualResetEvent _clientDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);

/// <summary>

/// 为每个异步调用设置超时时间

/// </summary>

const int TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS = 30000;

/// <summary>

/// 数据缓冲区大小

/// </summary>

const int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048 * 100;

/// <summary>

/// 关闭套接字连接和释放所有相关的资源

/// </summary>

public void Close()

{

if (_socket != null)

{

_socket.Close();

}

}

}

    这个客户端包含连接服务器、发送信息和接受信息三个方法。我们将如下代码加入SocketClient类：

连接：

[C#]

/// <summary>

/// 尝试用TCP套接字连接到指定主机端口

/// </summary>

/// <param name="hostName">主机名</param>

/// <param name="portNumber">端口号</param>

/// <returns>描述连接结果</returns>

public string Connect(string hostName, int portNumber)

{

string result = string.Empty;

//创建一个终结点,主机名、端口号

DnsEndPoint hostEntry = new DnsEndPoint(hostName, portNumber);

//创建一个基于流，TCP套接字。

_socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

//套接字上下文

SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();

socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = hostEntry;

socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)

{

//执行的状态信息

result = e.SocketError.ToString();

//将当前线程设置为收到信息状态，这样被阻止的线程可以继续执行

_clientDone.Set();

});

//标识当前进程为未收到信息状态

_clientDone.Reset();

// 发送一个异步连接请求

_socket.ConnectAsync(socketEventArg);

//将当前线程阻止，直到当前线程收到信息或者超时时间已到

_clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);

return result;

}

发送消息：

[C#]

/// <summary>

/// 向连接的服务器发送信息

/// </summary>

/// <param name="data">数据正文</param>

/// <returns>反馈</returns>

public string Send(string data)

{

string response = "操作超时";

//套接字是否准备好

if (_socket != null)

{

//套接字上下文

SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();

socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = _socket.RemoteEndPoint;

socketEventArg.UserToken = null;

socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)

{

response = e.SocketError.ToString();

_clientDone.Set();

});

byte[] payload = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);

socketEventArg.SetBuffer(payload, 0, payload.Length);

_clientDone.Reset();

_socket.SendAsync(socketEventArg);

_clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);

}

else

{

response = "套接字没有准备好";

}

return response;

}

接受消息：

[C#]

/// <summary>

/// 从连接服务器接收数据

/// </summary>

/// <returns>The data received from the server</returns>

public string Receive()

{

string response = "操作超时";

if (_socket != null)

{

SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();

socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = _socket.RemoteEndPoint;

//设置接收数据的缓冲区

socketEventArg.SetBuffer(new Byte[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE], 0, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);

socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)

{

if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success)

{

// Retrieve the data from the buffer

response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, e.Offset, e.BytesTransferred);

response = response.Trim('\0');

}

else

{

response = "错误：" + e.SocketError.ToString();

}

_clientDone.Set();

});

_clientDone.Reset();

_socket.ReceiveAsync(socketEventArg);

_clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);

}

else

{

response = "套接字没有准备好";

}

return response;

}

2）通过套接字访问HTTP网站

现在我们有了套接字客户端，这个时候我们来做一个类似于浏览器的功能，我们模拟HTTP请求发送到web服务器，代码如下：

[XAML]

[C#]

private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            string hostName = textbox1.Text.Replace("http://", string.Empty);            SocketClient client = new SocketClient();            //主机，端口号            textblok1.Text = client.Connect(hostName, 80);            //模拟一个HTTP Get请求            textblok1.Text = client.Send("GET http://" + hostName + " HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: " + hostName + "\r\n\r\n\r\n");            //等待相应            textblok1.Text = client.Receive();        }

二、蓝牙

WP8蓝牙支持对等方应用连接，也支持其他蓝牙设备，下面我们看看如何连接到对等方应用和设备。

1）连接到对等方

[C#]

//已经搜索到的对等方列表        IReadOnlyList
    
      peers;        // 开始连接到对等应用        async void AppToApp()        {            // 开始查找对等项，如果有这句话，即可使自己能够被其他蓝牙设备搜索到            PeerFinder.Start();            peers = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync();            if (peers.Count == 0)            {               // 没有发现            }            else            {                // 选择第一个对等应用                PeerInformation selectedPeer = peers[0];                // 连接到第一个对等方应用                var streamSocket = await PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(selectedPeer);            }        }
    

2）连接到设备

PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:Paired"] = ""; 查找所有已配对的设备。这样连接找到的设备对应的PeerInformation.ServiceName将为空，所以我们不能通过PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(selectedPeer);的方式去连接，具体示例如下：

[C#]

//搜寻全部蓝牙设备并连接第一个        private async void AppToDevice()        {            // 搜索所有配对的设备            PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:Paired"] = "";            var pairedDevices = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync();            if (pairedDevices.Count == 0)            {                //没有发现设备            }            else            {                // 选择第一个连接的设备，此时selectedDevice.ServiceName为空                PeerInformation selectedDevice = pairedDevices[0];                // 主动创建一个StreamSocket                StreamSocket socket = new StreamSocket();                // 第二个参数是一个RFCOMM端口号，范围是1-30                await socket.ConnectAsync(selectedDevice.HostName, "1");            }        }

PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:SDP"] = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX";查找使用服务发现协议 (SDP) 并通过既定 GUID 播发服务的设备

[C#]

//搜寻特定GUID的设备        private async void AppToDevice2()        {            PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:SDP"] = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX";            var pairedDevices = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync();            if (pairedDevices.Count == 0)            {                //没有发现设备            }            else            {                // 选择第一个连接的设备                PeerInformation selectedDevice = pairedDevices[0];                // 主动创建一个StreamSocket                StreamSocket socket = new StreamSocket();                // 这种情况下selectedDevice.ServiceName等于您指定的GUID                await socket.ConnectAsync(selectedDevice.HostName, selectedDevice.ServiceName);            }        }

3）侦听连接请求

[C#]

public Page1()        {            InitializeComponent();            //侦听连接请求需要先添加事件            Loaded += MainPage_Loaded;        }        void MainPage_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            //远程对等类异步连接时触发            PeerFinder.ConnectionRequested += PeerFinder_ConnectionRequested;        }        async void PeerFinder_ConnectionRequested(object sender, ConnectionRequestedEventArgs args)        {            // 获取到请求连接的对等方            var peer = args.PeerInformation;            // 回应连接            var streamSocket = await PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(peer);        }

4）发送消息

[C#]

/// 
        /// 在已连接的情况下发送消息        /// 
        ///         public async void Send(StreamSocket socket, string msg)        {            var _dataWriter = new DataWriter(socket.OutputStream);            //写入消息的长度            uint strLength = _dataWriter.MeasureString(msg);            _dataWriter.WriteUInt32(strLength);            //写入消息的内容            _dataWriter.WriteString(msg);            uint numBytesWritten = await _dataWriter.StoreAsync();        }

5）接收消息

[C#]

/// 
        /// 在已连接的情况下读取消息        /// 
        ///         public async Task
    
      Read(StreamSocket socket)        {            var _dataReader = new DataReader(socket.InputStream);            // 读取消息长度            await _dataReader.LoadAsync(sizeof(uint));            uint msgLength = (uint)_dataReader.ReadUInt32();            // 读取消息的内容            await _dataReader.LoadAsync(msgLength);            return _dataReader.ReadString(msgLength);        }
    

三、NFC

当两个设备距离较近时，可以使用近场通信技术，本文演示一个使用近场通信制作聊天软件的例子。

[XAML]

[C#]

public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage    {        ProximityDevice device;        long typeId = -1;        long msgId = -1;        public MainPage()        {            InitializeComponent();            device = ProximityDevice.GetDefault();            if (device == null)            {                IsEnabled = false;                textblock1.Text = "您的手机不支持NFC功能";            }            else            {                //设备进入NFC识别范围时触发                device.DeviceArrived += device_DeviceArrived;                //设备离开NFC识别范围时触发                device.DeviceDeparted += device_DeviceDeparted;            }        }        //设备进入NFC识别范围时触发        void device_DeviceArrived(ProximityDevice sender)        {            //创建消息订阅，创建好后就可以直接发消息了            typeId = sender.SubscribeForMessage("Windows.MyMsgType", MsgReceivedHandler);            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock1.Text = "连接状态：已连接");        }        //设备离开NFC识别范围时触发        void device_DeviceDeparted(ProximityDevice sender)        {            if (typeId != -1)            {                //取消消息订阅                sender.StopSubscribingForMessage(typeId);                typeId = -1;            }            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock1.Text = "连接状态：连接中断");        }        /// 
        /// 接收到消息后的处理逻辑        /// 
        void MsgReceivedHandler(ProximityDevice sender, ProximityMessage message)        {            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>            {                listbox1.Items.Add(("对方：" + message.DataAsString));            });         }        /// 
        /// 发送消息按钮按下时        /// 
        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            if (textbox1.Text != string.Empty)            {                listbox1.Items.Add("我：" + textbox1.Text);                if (msgId != -1)                    device.StopPublishingMessage(msgId);                msgId = device.PublishMessage("Windows.MyMsgType", textbox1.Text);            }        }    }

现在我们看看在模拟器中的效果，如下图。模拟器中实现NFC的模拟效果请下载：

四、获取网络状态

很多时候，应用可能需要利用到网络，这个时候我们需要获取一些信息，比如网络是否连接，当前是连接到WiFi还是运营商蜂窝网络。这些信息关系到您的应用是否能正常工作，或者是否处于免费网络下可执行高流量下载等操作。

1. 数据感知

数据感知功能可以用来获取网络成本信息以及流量计划，帮助用户合理使用手机流量，我们看看使用方法。

[C#]

var connectionProfile = Windows.Networking.Connectivity.NetworkInformation.GetInternetConnectionProfile();//网络接口类型var ianaInterfaceType = connectionProfile.NetworkAdapter.IanaInterfaceType;//连接成本信息var connectionCost = connectionProfile.GetConnectionCost();//当前的网络使用成本var networkCostType = connectionCost.NetworkCostType;//计划流量是否快用完var approachingDataLimit = connectionCost.ApproachingDataLimit;//是否超过计划流量var overDataLimit = connectionCost.OverDataLimit;//是否漫游var roaming = connectionCost.Roaming;

2. 网络信息获取

我们可以通过API获取网络接口状态，检查手机数据网络以及WiFi连接情况等。

[XAML]

[C#]

Socket socket;        protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)        {            //移动运营商            textblock1.Text = DeviceNetworkInformation.CellularMobileOperator;            //网络信息            System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();            sb.Append("网络是否可用:  ");            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsNetworkAvailable.ToString());            sb.Append("是否启用蜂窝数据:  ");            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataEnabled.ToString());            sb.Append("是否允许漫游:  ");            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataRoamingEnabled.ToString());            sb.Append("是否启用Wi-Fi:  ");            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsWiFiEnabled.ToString());            //网络接口信息            sb.Append("网络接口类型:  ");            var networkInterfaceType = NetworkInterface.NetworkInterfaceType;            var networkInterfaceTypeString = networkInterfaceType.ToString() + "(" + InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(networkInterfaceType) + ")";            sb.AppendLine(networkInterfaceTypeString);            sb.Append("网络接口子类型:  ");            var networkSubInterfaceTypeString = string.Empty;            DeviceNetworkInformation.ResolveHostNameAsync(new DnsEndPoint("www.baidu.com", 80),                new NameResolutionCallback(x =>                    {                        networkSubInterfaceTypeString = x.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype.ToString() + "[" + InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(x.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype) + "]";                        sb.AppendLine(networkSubInterfaceTypeString);                        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = sb.ToString(); });                    }), null);            //套接字连接信息            DnsEndPoint hostEntry = new DnsEndPoint("www.baidu.com", 80);            socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);            //设置连接要求，必须为使用蜂窝技术网络            socket.SetNetworkRequirement(NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.Cellular);            SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();            socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = hostEntry;            socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler
    
     (delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e1)            {                NetworkInterfaceInfo netInterfaceInfo = socket.GetCurrentNetworkInterface();                StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();                sb2.AppendLine("最后更新: " + DateTime.Now.ToString());                sb2.Append("网络接口名: ");                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceName);                sb2.Append("网络接口状态: ");                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceState.ToString());                sb2.Append("网络接口类型: ");                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceType.ToString());                sb2.Append("网络接口子类型: ");                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceSubtype.ToString());                Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock3.Text = sb2.ToString());            });            socket.ConnectAsync(socketEventArg);            base.OnNavigatedTo(e);        }        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/Page1.xaml", UriKind.Relative));        }
    

3. 检测网络状态改变

手机的网络连接并不如电脑稳定，当你到信号不好的地方，或者自动连接上WiFi等情况，怎么通过代码自动监测呢，下面演示了当手机网络改变时，列举出日志清单，并实时刷新网络信息。

[XAML]

[C#]

public partial class Page1 : PhoneApplicationPage    {        public ObservableCollection
    
      Changes { get; set; }        public ObservableCollection
     
       NetworkInterfaces { get; set; }        public Page1()        {            InitializeComponent();            // 网络可用性改变事件日志            Changes = new ObservableCollection
      
       ();            lbNetworkChanges.DataContext = Changes;            //当前可用的网络接口            NetworkInterfaces = new ObservableCollection
       
        ();            lbNetworkInterfaces.DataContext = NetworkInterfaces;            //网络可用性改变时            DeviceNetworkInformation.NetworkAvailabilityChanged += new EventHandler
        
         (ChangeDetected);            UpdateNetworkInterfaces();            UpdateNetworkStatus();        }        void ChangeDetected(object sender, NetworkNotificationEventArgs e)        {            string change = string.Empty;            switch (e.NotificationType)            {                case NetworkNotificationType.InterfaceConnected:                    change = "连接: ";                    break;                case NetworkNotificationType.InterfaceDisconnected:                    change = "断开: ";                    break;                case NetworkNotificationType.CharacteristicUpdate:                    change = "变更: ";                    break;                default:                    change = "未知: ";                    break;            }            string changeInformation = String.Format(" {0} {1} {2} ({3})",                        DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(), change, e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceName,                        InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceType) + "," + InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype));            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>            {                Changes.Add(changeInformation);                UpdateNetworkStatus();                UpdateNetworkInterfaces();            });        }        //更新网络接口        private void UpdateNetworkInterfaces()        {            NetworkInterfaces.Clear();            //获取网络接口列表            NetworkInterfaceList networkInterfaceList = new NetworkInterfaceList();            foreach (NetworkInterfaceInfo networkInterfaceInfo in networkInterfaceList)            {                NetworkInterfaces.Add(String.Format("{0} ({1},{2})",                    networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceName,                    InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceType),                    InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceSubtype)));            }        }        //更新网络状态        private void UpdateNetworkStatus()        {            tbIsCellularDataEnabled.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataEnabled) ? "是" : "否";            tbIsNetworkAvailable.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsNetworkAvailable) ? "是" : "否";            tbIsWiFiEnabled.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsWiFiEnabled) ? "是" : "否";        }        //连接设置        private void Button_Click_3(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            var settringTypeString = string.Empty;            var button = sender as Button;            if (button != null) settringTypeString = Convert.ToString(button.Content);            var settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.WiFi;            switch (settringTypeString)            {                case "飞行": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.AirplaneMode;                    break;                case "网络": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.Cellular;                    break;                case "蓝牙": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.Bluetooth;                    break;                default: break;            }            //连接设置选择框            ConnectionSettingsTask connectionSettings = new ConnectionSettingsTask();            // 连接设置的类型            connectionSettings.ConnectionSettingsType = settringType;            connectionSettings.Show();        }        //刷新        private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            UpdateNetworkStatus();            UpdateNetworkInterfaces();            Changes.Clear();        }        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/MainPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative));        }    }
        
       
      
     
    

五、访问web的几种方式

Windows phone中访问Internet的方式主要有：通过套接字、WebClient 类、HttpWebRequest 类、服务引用等。套接字我们已经讲过。我主要讲解后面三种。

WebClient 类：一般用于通过访问URL获取特定的资源，下面是使用方法：

[C#]

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();webClient.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://www.baidu.com", UriKind.Absolute));webClient.DownloadStringCompleted += (a, b) =>{    if (b.Error == null && !b.Cancelled)    {        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(b.Result));    }};

HttpWebRequest 类：对http做了基本的实现，相当于比直接用socket方便一点。

[C#]

Uri uri = new Uri("http://192.168.100.212"); HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri); httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; //异步获取HTTP请求正文流 httpWebRequest.BeginGetRequestStream(new AsyncCallback(a => {     var httpWebRequest2 = a.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;     var stream = httpWebRequest2.EndGetRequestStream(a);     var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(stream);     //在HTTP请求正文流中写入要POST的参数     streamWriter.WriteLine("wd=111");     streamWriter.Close();     //开始异步的向远程主机发送HTTP请求     httpWebRequest2.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(b =>     {         try         {             var httpWebRequest3 = b.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;             //请求执行完成，得到HTTP相应             WebResponse webResponse = httpWebRequest3.EndGetResponse(b);             var s = webResponse.ContentType;             //获取到HTTP相应正文流             var stream3 = webResponse.GetResponseStream();             //读出来，转换成字符串             var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream3, Encoding.UTF8);             var text = streamReader.ReadToEnd();             Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(text));         }         catch (Exception ex)         {             var c = ex.Message;         }     }), httpWebRequest2); }), httpWebRequest);

服务引用：其实于一般的服务引用一样，只不过这里只支持异步实现。

[C#]

//添加服务引用后，下面代码为异步调用web服务ServiceReference1.WebService1SoapClient c = new ServiceReference1.WebService1SoapClient();c.HelloWorldAsync("");c.HelloWorldCompleted += (a, b) =>{    Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(b.Result));};